A common name (also known as a vernacular A vernacular, mother tongue or mother language, and less frequently one sense of idiom and dialect, is the native language of a population located in a country or in a region defined on some other basis, such as a locality. For example, Navajo is a local language in the southwest of the United States, and English is the state language of a number name, colloquial A colloquialism is a linguistic phrase that is characteristic of or only appropriate for casual, ordinary, familiar, and/or informal written or spoken conversation, rather than for formal speech, standard writing, or paralinguistics. Dictionaries often display colloquial words and phrases with the abbreviation colloq. as an identifier name, trivial name In chemistry and biology, a trivial name is a non-systematic name or non-scientific name. That is, the name is not recognised according to the rules of any formal (e.g. IUPAC) system of nomenclature. Many trivial names continue to be used because their sanctioned equivalents are considered too cumbersome for everyday use. For example, ", trivial epithet, country name, or farmer's name) is a name in general use within a community; it is often contrasted with a scientific name The formal system of naming species is called binomial nomenclature , binominal nomenclature (since 1953, the technically correct form in zoology), or binary nomenclature. The essence of it is that each species name is in (modern scientific) Latin and has two parts, so that it is popularly known as the Latin name of the species, although this. A common name is not necessarily a commonly used name, nor is it considered less correct than a scientific name (as "common" might imply).

Contents

Folk taxonomy

Main articles: Folk taxonomy A folk taxonomy is a vernacular naming system, and can be contrasted with scientific taxonomy. Folk biological classification is the way peoples make sense of and organize their natural surroundings/the world around them, typically making generous use of form taxa like "shrubs", "bugs", "ducks", "ungulates" and Nomenclature Nomenclature is a term that applies to either a list of names and/or terms, or to the system of principles, procedures and terms related to naming - which is the assigning of a word or phrase to a particular object or property.[clarification needed] The principles of naming vary from the relatively informal conventions of everyday speech to the

All classification systems are established for a purpose. Scientific or biological classification Biological classification, or scientific classification in biology, is a method by which biologists group and categorize organisms by biological type, such as genus or species. Biological classification is a form of scientific taxonomy, but should be distinguished from folk taxonomy, which lacks scientific basis. Modern biological classification is a global system that uniquely denotes particular organisms, and helps anchor their position within the hierarchical scientific classification system. Maintenance of this system involves formal rules of nomenclature Nomenclature is a term that applies to either a list of names and/or terms, or to the system of principles, procedures and terms related to naming - which is the assigning of a word or phrase to a particular object or property.[clarification needed] The principles of naming vary from the relatively informal conventions of everyday speech to the and periodic international meetings. Folk taxonomy A folk taxonomy is a vernacular naming system, and can be contrasted with scientific taxonomy. Folk biological classification is the way peoples make sense of and organize their natural surroundings/the world around them, typically making generous use of form taxa like "shrubs", "bugs", "ducks", "ungulates", in contrast, has no formal rules.[1]

Origin and function

There is some evidence for the deep-seatedness of taxonomy which comes from patients who have, through accident or disease, suffered traumas of the brain. Scientists studying these patients’ brains have reported repeatedly finding damage — a deadening of activity or actual lesions — in a region of the temporal lobe, leading some researchers to hypothesize that there might be a specific part of the brain that is devoted to taxonomy. This turns out to be more serious than the loss of some dispensable librarian-like ability to classify living things. Without the power to order and name life, a person simply does not know how to live in the world, or how to understand it, because to order and name life is to have a heightened sense of the world around us and our place in it. And by locating ourselves within the natural world we are more likely to manage it in a sensitive way.[2]

Geographic range of use

The geographic range over which a particular common name is used will vary; some common names have only local application while others may be virtually universal within a particular language. Vernacular names are generally treated as having a fairly restricted application, usually referring to the native language of a country or locality as opposed to more broad-based usage. A colloquial name may be regarded as of very local use, insufficient to be included in the general dictionaries of the language concerned[3].

Lists of common names

Lists of general interest

Collective nouns

See lists of collective nouns Categories: Lists of collective nouns | Lists of lists (e.g. a flock of sheep, forest of trees, hive of bees)

“Official” lists

The AFNS was compiled through a process involving work by taxonomic and seafood industry experts, drafted using the CAAB (Codes for Australian Aquatic Biota) taxon management system of the CSIRO The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation is the national government body for scientific research in Australia. It was founded in 1926 originally as the Advisory Council of Science and Industry,[4] and including input through public and industry consultations by the Australian Fish Names Committee (AFNC). The AFNS has been an official Australian Standard since July 2007 and has existed in draft form (The Australian Fish Names List) since 2001. Seafood Services Australia (SSA) serve as the Secretariat for the AFNC. SSA is an accredited Standards Australia Standards Australia was established in 1922 and is recognised through a Memorandum of Understanding with the Australian government as the peak non-government standards development body in Australia. It is a company limited by guarantee, with 72 members representing groups interested in the development and application of standards and related (Australia’s peak non-government standards development organisation) Standards Development [5]

A set of guidelines for the creation of English names for birds was published in The Auk The Auk is a quarterly journal and the official publication of the American Ornithologists' Union, having been continuously published by that body since 1884. The journal contains articles relating scientific studies of the anatomy, behavior, and distribution of birds. The journal is named for the Great Auk, the symbol of the AOU. It is currently in 1978.[6]

See also

References

  1. ^ Conklin, Harold C. 1980. Folk Classification: A Topically Arranged Bibliography of Contemporary and Background References through 1971. New Haven, CT: Yale University Department of Anthropology. ISBN 0913516023.
  2. ^ Yoon, C.K. 2009. Naming Nature: The Clash Between Instinct and Science. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. ISBN 0393061973 ISBN 978-0393061970.
  3. ^ Brickell, C.D., Baum, B.R., Hetterscheid, W.J.A., Leslie, A.C., McNeill. J., Trehane, P., Vrugtman, F., Wiersema, J.H. (eds) 2004. International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants. ed. 7. Acta Horticulturae 647 (Regnum Veg. 144)
  4. ^ List of standardised Australian fish names - November 2004 Draft. CSIRO The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation is the national government body for scientific research in Australia. It was founded in 1926 originally as the Advisory Council of Science and Industry
  5. ^ Overview: Australian Fish Names Standard. Seafood Services Australia
  6. ^ Parkes K.C. 1978. A guide to forming and capitalizing compound names of birds in English. The Auk The Auk is a quarterly journal and the official publication of the American Ornithologists' Union, having been continuously published by that body since 1884. The journal contains articles relating scientific studies of the anatomy, behavior, and distribution of birds. The journal is named for the Great Auk, the symbol of the AOU. It is currently 95: 324-326. [1]

Bibliography

External links

Categories: Names This category is for articles about naming and sub-categories listing types of names. Personal names are listed in Category:Given names, family names in Category:Surnames | Nomenclature | Scientific nomenclature Categories: Scientific terminology | Naming conventions | Science-related lists

 

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